Cov txheej txheem dyeing thiab tiav (1)

Kev xaiv ntawm dyeing thiab cov txheej txheem tiav yog raws li ntau yam, specifications thiab cov khoom tiav lawm ntawm cov ntaub, uas tuaj yeem faib ua pre-treatment,ximg, luam ntawv, tom qab ua tiav thiab lwm yam.

Kev kho mob ua ntej

Cov fibers ntuj muaj cov khoom tsis huv, thaum lub sijhawm ua cov ntaub textile thiab ntxiv cov slurry, roj thiab cov av qias neeg, qhov muaj cov khoom tsis huv no, tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam kev ua tiav ntawm kev zas xim thiab kev ua tiav, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau kev hnav ntawm cov ntaub.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho ua ntej yog siv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv ntawm daim ntaub, ua kom daim ntaub dawb, mos, thiab muaj permeability zoo kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab muab cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog rau kev zas xim, luam ntawv thiab ua tiav.

Paj rwbKev npaj ntaub raw, kev hlawv, kev tshem tawm qhov loj, kev npau, kev ua kom dawb, kev ua kom mercerizing. Polyester: kev npaj ntaub, kev ua kom huv (kua alkali, thiab lwm yam), kev ua kom ntsws ua ntej, kev tseg cia, kev tshem tawm alkali (kua alkali, thiab lwm yam).

Singeing

Feem ntau, tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub Hoobkas luam ntawv thiab zas xim los ntawm lub Hoobkas textile, daim ntaub grey yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej, tig mus, sib sau ua ke, luam ntawv thiab xaws, thiab tom qab ntawd hlawv.

Vim li cas:

(1) ntawm daim ntaub tsis singeing down ntau dhau, ntev sib txawv;

(2) qhov degree ntawm kev ua tiav tsis zoo, yooj yim ua rau muaj kuab paug;

(3) nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm zhongyi wool dyeing thiab finishing, luam ntawv thiab dyeing tsis zoo.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hu nkauj:

(1) txhim kho cov ntaub ci ntsa iab; Txhim kho qhov tiav;

(2) txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv pilling (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub fiber tshuaj);

(3) txhim kho cov qauv, singeing tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ua crisp, yog pob txha.

Kev tsim kho

Hauv cov txheej txheem weaving, cov xov paj rwb raug kev nruj thiab kev sib txhuam ntau dua, uas yooj yim tawg. Yuav kom txo tau qhov tawg ntawm xov paj rwb, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm xov paj thiab cov ntaub grey zoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov xov paj rwb ua ntej weaving. Cov fiber hauv cov xov paj lo thiab tuav ua ke, thiab tsim cov zaj duab xis slurry khov kho rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xov paj, ua rau cov xov paj nruj thiab du, yog li txhim kho lub zog tawg thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov xov paj.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov loj: Tom qab ntsuas qhov loj, cov slurry nkag mus rau hauv cov fibers thiab ib feem txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub warp. Thaum txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov xov paj, cov slurry ua rau cov kua dyeing thiab cov kua ua tiav tsis huv, cuam tshuam kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj ntawm cov fibers thiab dyeing thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj, thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau ua tiav dyeing thiab ua tiav.

(1) Kev Taw Qhia Txog Cov Tshuaj Slurry Uas Siv Ntau

Cov kua nplaum ntuj: hmoov txhuv nplej siab, seaweed gum, cov pos hniav, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom ntawm hmoov txhuv nplej siab:

① nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm acid decomposition;

② nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm alkali stability, o;

③ nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm oxidants tuaj yeem decomposed;

④ los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab decomposition enzyme decomposition.

Cov tshuaj slurry: cellulose derivatives xws li hydroxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl cawv (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyester, thiab lwm yam.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm PVA:

① ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, viscosity tsis txo;

② Nws raug rhuav tshem los ntawm oxidant.;

③ Siv tau dav, sib xws zoo, tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke

(2) Cov txheej txheem desizing feem ntau siv

1. Kev tshem tawm alkaline

Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cov nroj tsuag zas xim hauv tsev, tab sis tus nqi desizing tsis siab, thiab lwm yam tsis huv tuaj yeem tshem tawm thaum desizing.

Mechanism: Kev siv cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide dilute, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab slurry nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm alkali o (lossis o), tsis tshwm sim tshuaj lom neeg, yog li ntawd cov slurry los ntawm gel mus rau sol, txo qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov fiber thiab slurry, thiab tom qab ntawd siv kev ntxuav thiab lub zog kho tshuab kom tshem tawm nws. Rau PVA thiab polyacrylate slurries, nws muaj peev xwm yaj sodium hydroxide hauv cov tshuaj dilute.

(cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab) enzyme desizing

Cov enzymes kuj hu ua enzymes, biocatalysts.

Nta: tus nqi desizing siab, tsis yog fiber raug mob, tsuas yog rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv.

Cov yam ntxwv: a. Ua haujlwm tau zoo. b. Qhov tshwj xeeb: Ib qho enzyme tuaj yeem ua rau tsuas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm lossis txawm tias ib qho kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. c. Qhov kev ua haujlwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab PH tus nqi.

Rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab slurries lossis cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab sib xyaw slurries (cov ntsiab lus hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog qhov tseem ceeb), amylase tuaj yeem siv rau kev desizing.

Kev tshem tawm cov kua qaub

Kev siv hauv tsev tsis ntau, vim tias kev siv yooj yim ua rau cov fiber puas tsuaj, ua ke nrog lwm txoj kev. Txoj kev ob kauj ruam yog siv: alkali desizing - acid desizing. Acid desizing tuaj yeem ua rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej hydrolyze, tshem tawm cov ntsev ntxhia thiab lwm yam, thiab ua rau ib leeg.

Kev kho oxidation

Tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing: NaBrO2 (sodium bromite) H2O2, Na2S2O8, (NH4) 2S2O8, thiab lwm yam.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing tuaj yeem oxidize thiab rhuav tshem txhua yam slurry, nws qhov hnyav molecular thiab viscosity raug txo qis heev, qhov dej solubility nce ntxiv, thiab cov slurry raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev lo rau cov fiber, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hydrolysate raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav zoo.

(1) Npau

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom npau yog kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv ntawm cov fiber thiab txhim kho cov khoom ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov ntub dej.

Cov khoom tsis huv ntuj: Rau cov ntaub paj rwb ntshiab, feem ntau yog cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke lossis cov kab mob cuam tshuam, suav nrog roj quav ciab, pectin, protein, tshauv, xim thiab plhaub paj rwb.

Cov khoom tsis huv: cov khoom tsis huv xws li roj, tus neeg sawv cev antistatic thiab roj, xeb thiab cov slurry seem ntxiv rau hauv kev sib hloov thiab kev ua cov ntaub.

Cov khoom tsis huv no cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov ntub ntawm cov ntaub thiab cuam tshuam rau kev zas xim thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub, thiab yuav tsum tau tshem tawm hauv lub kaw lus scouring nrog sodium hydroxide ua lub ntsiab thiab surfactants ua tus pabcuam.

(2) Kev dawb

Tom qab ua kom npau, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsis huv thiab cov khoom cuav ntawmntaubraug tshem tawm, tab sis rau cov ntaub bleached thiab cov ntaub xim dawb, bleaching kuj tseem xav tau. Ntawd yog kom tshem tawm cov xim, txhim kho qhov dawb ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua bleaching.

Cov tshuaj fiber tsis muaj cov xim, tom qab ua kom npau, cov xim tseem dawb heev, thiab cov paj rwb fiber tom qab ntxuav cov xim tseem muaj, qhov dawb tsis zoo, yog li cov tshuaj dawb feem ntau yog rau cov khoom tsis huv ntawm cov paj rwb fiber.

(3) Tshuaj dawb

Hom oxidation: sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide thiab sodium chlorite, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov paj rwb fiber thiab cov ntaub sib xyaw.

Txo: NaHSO3 thiab hmoov pov hwm, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub fiber ntau.

(4) Kev ua kom dawb ntawm sodium hypochlorite:

Kev siv tshuaj dawb sodium hypochlorite feem ntau yog siv rau kev dawb cov ntaub paj rwb thiab cov ntaub paj rwb sib xyaw, thiab qee zaum kuj siv rau kev dawb cov ntaub polyester paj rwb sib xyaw. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev dawb cov protein fibers xws li txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab ntaub plaub, vim tias sodium hypochlorite muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov protein fibers, thiab ua rau cov fibers daj thiab puas tsuaj. Hauv cov txheej txheem dawb, ntxiv rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xim ntuj, cov paj rwb nws tus kheej kuj tseem yuav raug puas tsuaj, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem dawb, kom qhov zoo li thiab qhov zoo sab hauv tau tsim nyog.

Sodium hypochlorite yooj yim tsim, pheej yig, sodium hypochlorite bleaching ua haujlwm yooj yim, cov khoom siv yooj yim, tab sis vim tias sodium hypochlorite bleaching tsis zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, yog li nws maj mam hloov los ntawm hydrogen peroxide.

(5) Hydrogen peroxide bleaching H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide, tseem hu ua hydrogen peroxide, muaj cov mis molecular H2O2. Kev ua kom dawb ntawm hydrogen peroxide hu ua oxygen bleaching. Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide tsis zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide lag luam yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog.

Cov ntaub uas siv hydrogen peroxide bleached muaj qhov dawb zoo, xim huv, thiab tsis yooj yim daj thaum khaws cia. Nws siv dav hauv kev bleaching ntaub paj rwb. Kev bleaching oxygen muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua li chlorine bleaching, tab sis hydrogen peroxide kim dua sodium hypochlorite, thiab kev bleaching oxygen xav tau cov khoom siv stainless hlau, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, tus nqi siab dua li chlorine bleaching.

Tam sim no, txoj kev siv tshuab ua kom dawb uas siv dej qhib dav dav feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw luam ntawv thiab zas xim. Txoj kev no muaj kev sib txuas lus siab, kev siv tshuab tsis siv neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig.

5. Mercerized (paj rwb)

Cov ntaub nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev ntxhov siab, nrog kev pab los ntawm concentrated caustic soda, thiab tswj qhov loj me xav tau, tuaj yeem tau txais cov luster silky, cov txheej txheem no hu ua mercerization.

(1) Lub hom phiaj ntawm mercerization:

A. Txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab thiab kev xav ntawm cov ntaub, vim yog qhov o ntawm cov fiber, qhov kev npaj fiber ntau dua, thiab qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb yog qhov tsis tu ncua, yog li txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab.
B. Ua kom cov xim zas xim nce ntxiv tom qab ua tiav mercerizing, thaj chaw fiber txo qis, thaj chaw amorphous nce ntxiv, thiab cov xim zas yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov fibers, cov xim nrawm dua li cov paj rwb mercerized nce 20%, thiab kev ci ntsa iab zoo dua, tib lub sijhawm ua rau lub zog npog pem hauv ntej tuag.
C. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev, mercerizing tau ua tiav qhov tsim qauv, tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlua wrinkles, ntau dua tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau zoo ntawm kev zas xim thiab luam tawm ib nrab thiab ib nrab cov khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tom qab mercerizing, qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov ntaub nthuav dav deformation tau zoo dua, yog li txo qhov nrawm ntawm cov ntaub.

6. Kev ua kom zoo, ua ntej ntsws (cov ntaub fiber tshuaj lom neeg)

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom zoo ua ntej-ntsws yog kom tshem tawm cov roj, slurry thiab av uas nqus tau rau ntawm daim ntaub (fiber) thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj khoom ntawm cov ntaub, thiab tib lub sijhawm, qee cov oligomers ntawm cov fiber kuj tuaj yeem yaj hauv kev ua kom sov siab. Daim ntaub grey yuav tsum tau ua ntej-ntsws ua ntej cov alkali, thiab cov khoom ntxiv xws li olein thiab caustic soda yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub fiber tshuaj yog ua tiav hauv lub tshuab dyeing kub thiab siab.

7. Kev txo qis alkali (cov ntaub fiber tshuaj lom neeg)

(1) Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev txo alkali

Kev kho kom txo qis alkali yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cov ntaub polyester hauv qhov kub siab thiab cov lye hlawv concentrated. Polyester fiber yog hydrolyzed thiab tawg los ntawm ester bond ntawm polyester molecular saw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov fiber hauv sodium hydroxide aqueous kua, thiab cov khoom hydrolysis nrog cov qib polymerization sib txawv tau tsim tas li, thiab thaum kawg cov dej-soluble sodium terephthalate thiab ethylene glycol tau tsim. Cov khoom siv txo qis alkali feem ntau suav nrog lub tshuab dyeing overflow, lub tshuab txo qis tas li, lub tshuab txo qis intermittent peb hom, tshwj tsis yog lub tshuab dyeing overflow; Cov tshuab txo qis tas li thiab intermittent tuaj yeem rov ua dua cov lye seem. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub grey rau qee cov khoom txo qis alkali, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv cov txheej txheem ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing.