Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv thiab kev ntws (1)

Lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm kev luam ntawv

1. Kev Luam Ntawv: Cov txheej txheem ua cov qauv paj nrog qee qhov kev zas xim ceev ntawm cov ntaub nrog cov xim lossis cov xim.

2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev luam ntawv feem ntau yog ntaub thiab xov paj. Tus thawj txuas tus qauv ncaj qha rau daim ntaub, yog li tus qauv pom tseeb dua. Tus tom kawg yog luam tus qauv rau ntawm cov xov paj uas tau teeb tsa ua ke, thiab ntaus cov ntaub kom tsim cov qauv tsis meej.

3. Qhov txawv ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab kev zas xim

(1) Kev zas xim yog zas cov xim sib npaug ntawm cov ntaub kom tau ib xim. Kev luam ntawv yog kev luam ntawv ntawm ib lossis ntau xim ntawm tib tus qauv ntaub, qhov tseeb, kev zas xim hauv zos.

(2) kev siv cov xim pleev xim yog cov xim pleev xim uas siv cov dej los pleev xim rau ntawm daim ntaub. Siv cov dej los pleev xim rau ntawm daim ntaub luam tawm, cov xim pleev xim lossis cov xim pleev xim luam tawm rau ntawm daim ntaub, tom qab ziab, raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov xim pleev xim lossis xim rau kev ua kom sov, ua kom xim zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam kev kho mob tom qab, kom nws pleev xim lossis kho rau ntawm cov fiber, thiab thaum kawg tom qab xab npum, dej, tshem tawm cov xim uas ntab thiab cov xim pleev xim, cov tshuaj lom neeg.

4. Kev kho ua ntej luam ntawv

Ib yam li cov txheej txheem zas xim, cov ntaub yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej luam ntawv kom tau txais qhov ntub dej zoo kom cov xim pleev xim nkag mus rau hauv cov fiber sib npaug. Cov ntaub yas xws li polyester qee zaum yuav tsum tau ua kom sov kom txo qhov ntsws thiab deformation thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv.

5. Txoj kev luam ntawv

Raws li cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, muaj kev luam ntawv ncaj qha, kev luam ntawv tiv thaiv kev zas xim thiab kev luam tawm tawm. Raws li cov khoom siv luam ntawv, muaj feem ntau yog kev luam ntawv rau cov menyuam, tshuaj ntsuamluam ntawvthiab hloov luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm txoj kev luam ntawv, muaj kev luam ntawv tes thiab kev luam ntawv tshuab. Kev luam ntawv tshuab feem ntau suav nrog kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam, kev luam ntawv rau cov menyuam, kev luam ntawv hloov pauv thiab kev luam ntawv tsuag, ob daim ntawv thov thawj zaug yog qhov ntau dua.

6. Txoj kev luam ntawv thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Kev luam ntawv ntaub raws li cov khoom siv luam ntawv muaj peev xwm muab faib ua: kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam, kev luam ntawv rau cov menyuam, kev luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov, kev luam ntawv ntoo qauv, kev luam ntawv phaj hollow, khi-dye, batik, luam ntawv splash, luam ntawv pleev xim tes thiab lwm yam. Muaj ob txoj kev luam ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam: kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam thiab kev luam ntawv rau cov menyuam. Txoj kev thib peb yog kev luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov, uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig. Lwm txoj kev luam ntawv uas tsis tshua siv hauv kev tsim cov ntaub yog kev luam ntawv ntoo stencil ib txwm muaj, kev luam ntawv siv quav ciab valerian (piv txwv li kev luam ntawv tiv taus quav ciab), kev luam ntawv siv xov paj khi-dye thiab kev luam ntawv tiv taus. Ntau lub Hoobkas luam ntawv siv kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam thiab kev luam ntawv rau cov menyuam los luam cov ntaub. Feem ntau kev luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov uas cov Hoobkas luam ntawv ua kuj tau luam tawm hauv txoj kev no.

7. Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv ib txwm muaj

(1) Kev luam ntawv ntoo: Txoj kev ntawmluam ntawvrau ntawm daim ntaub hauv ntoo tsa.

(2) luam ntawv hom hollow: Nws feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg: hollow-hom dawb nplaum tiv thaiv xim indigo luam ntawv, hollow-hom dawb nplaum tiv thaiv xim luam ntawv thiab hollow-hom xim luam ntawv ncaj qha luam ntawv.

(3) Kev luam ntawv khi-xim: Siv txoj hlua rau ntawm daim ntaub dawb paug, xaws rau hauv ib qho quav thiab tom qab ntawd khi kom ruaj khov, tom qab zas xim kom tau txais cov qauv.

(4) Kev luam ntawv Batik: Siv cov khoom uas xav tau los qhia cov qauv ntawm paj rwb, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab lwm yam ntaub, thiab tom qab ntawd zas xim lossis txhuam kom zas xim rau cov khoom tsis muaj quav ciab ntawm daim ntaub, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov quav ciab hauv dej npau lossis cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb kom ua rau daim ntaub qhia cov qauv.

(5) Kev luam ntawv txau: txau lossis txhuam cov ntaub txhob lo lo ntxhuav nrog cov xim kua qaub raws li qhov xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd txau ntsev rau ntawm daim ntaub thaum nws tsis qhuav, nrog rau kev ua kom cov ntsev thiab cov xim kua qaub tsis muaj zog, tsim cov dej ntws ntuj ntawm cov qauv abstract ntawm cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Feem ntau siv rau hauv txhob lo lo ntxhuav.

(6) Kev luam ntawv pleev xim tes: Ib txoj kev luam ntawv uas muab tus cwj mem tso rau hauv cov xim pleev kom pom tus qauv ntawm daim ntaub.

8. Kev luam ntawv

Kev luam ntawv suav nrog kev npaj ntawm kev luam ntawv, kev luam ntawv (Lub vijtsam siv rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv ib zaug yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub nyias nyias, cov txheej txheem hu ua kev luam ntawv yog ua los ntawm nylon, polyester lossis hlau ntaub nrog cov ntaub mesh zoo ncab hla lub thav ntoo lossis hlau. Cov ntaub screen yog coated nrog ib zaj duab xis opaque, tsis-porous. Qhov twg muaj ib tug qauv, cov zaj duab xis opaque yuav tsum tau tshem tawm, tawm hauv ib lub phaj screen nrog mesh zoo, thiab thaj chaw no yog qhov chaw uas cov qauv yuav raug luam tawm. Feem ntau cov ntaub screen lag luam yog thawj coated nrog ib tug photosensitive zaj duab xis, thiab tom qab ntawd zaj duab xis yog tshem tawm los ntawm ib tug photosensitive txoj kev los qhia cov qauv. Muab ib tug screen rau saum cov ntaub yuav tsum tau luam tawm rau kev luam ntawv. Ncuav cov ntawv nplaum rau hauv lub thav duab luam ntawv thiab yuam nws los ntawm lub mesh ntawm lub screen los ntawm kev siv lub scraper (ib tug cuab yeej zoo li ib tug wiper ntawm lub tsheb windshield). Txhua xim hauv cov qauv luam ntawv xav tau ib tug cais screen, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev luam ntawv ib tug txawv xim.

9. Kev luam ntawv tes

Kev luam ntawv tes yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam rau ntawm cov rooj ntev (txog li 60 yards). Daim ntaub uas luam tawm tau nthuav dav du rau ntawm lub rooj, thiab saum npoo ntawm lub rooj tau coated nrog me ntsis ntawm cov khoom nplaum. Lub tshuab luam ntawv ces txav lub thav duab mus rau tag nrho lub rooj, luam ib lub thav duab ib zaug, kom txog thaum daim ntaub luam tawm tag. Txhua lub thav duab sib xws rau tus qauv luam tawm. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm txoj kev no yog 50-90 yards ib teev. Kev luam ntawv tes kuj siv ntau heev los luam cov khoom txiav. Hauvdaim ntaubcov txheej txheem luam ntawv, cov txheej txheem ua khaub ncaws thiab cov txheej txheem luam ntawv tau teeb tsa ua ke.

Cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb lossis cov qauv tshwj xeeb raug luam tawm rau ntawm cov khoom ua ntej lawv raug xaws ua ke. Vim tias kev luam ntawv tes tuaj yeem tsim cov thav duab loj rau cov qauv loj, cov ntaub xws li phuam da dej ntawm ntug hiav txwv, cov ntaub aprons luam tawm tshiab, cov ntaub thaiv qhov rais thiab cov ntaub thaiv da dej kuj tuaj yeem luam tawm los ntawm txoj kev luam ntawv no. Kev luam ntawv tes kuj tseem siv los luam cov khaub ncaws poj niam zam heev thiab luam cov khoom me me uas sim ua lag luam.

(1) Kev luam ntawv tsis siv neeg

Kev luam ntawv tsis siv neeg (lossis kev luam ntawv tiaj tiaj) zoo ib yam li kev luam ntawv tes tsuas yog tias cov txheej txheem yog ua tsis siv neeg, yog li nws sai dua. Cov ntaub luam tawm raug xa mus los ntawm txoj hlua roj hmab dav mus rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam, es tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj ntev (zoo li qhov teeb meem nrog kev luam ntawv tes). Ib yam li kev luam ntawv tes, kev luam ntawv tes tsis siv neeg yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua es tsis yog ib qho txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus.

Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov ntaub txav mus rau hauv qab lub vijtsam, tom qab ntawd nres, thiab lub vijtsam raug khawb los ntawm lub scraper (kev khawb tsis siv neeg), tom qab ntawd cov ntaub txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv qab lub thav duab tom ntej, ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm kwv yees li 500 yards ib teev. Kev luam ntawv tsis siv neeg tsuas yog siv tau rau tag nrho cov ntaub yob, cov khoom txiav feem ntau tsis luam tawm li no. Raws li cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam, vim yog qhov nyiam rau kev luam ntawv voj voog nrog kev ua haujlwm ntau dua, cov zis ntawm kev luam ntawv tsis siv neeg (hais txog kev luam ntawv tiaj tus) poob qis.

(2) Kev luam ntawv rotary

Kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam rotary txawv ntawm lwm txoj kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam hauv ntau txoj kev tseem ceeb. Kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam rotary, zoo li kev luam ntawv roller piav qhia hauv ntu tom ntej, yog ib qho txheej txheem txuas ntxiv uas cov ntaub luam tawm raug thauj mus los ntawm txoj hlua roj hmab dav hauv qab lub tog raj kheej txav mus los. Hauv kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam, qhov ceev ntawm kev luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam voj voog yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws, ntau dua 3,500 yards ib teev. Siv cov hlau perforated mesh lossis yas mesh. Lub voj voog loj tshaj plaws yog loj dua 40 nti hauv qhov ncig, yog li qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm paj-rov qab kuj loj dua 40 nti. Cov tshuab luam ntawv tshuaj ntsuam rotary ntawm ntau dua 20 pawg xim kuj tau tsim tawm, thiab txoj kev luam ntawv no maj mam hloov kev luam ntawv lub tog raj kheej.

(3) Kev luam ntawv rau cov menyuam

Ib yam li kev luam ntawv xov xwm, kev luam ntawv dov yog ib qho txheej txheem ceev ceev uas tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau dua 6,000 yards ntawm cov ntaub luam tawm ib teev. Txoj kev no kuj hu ua kev luam ntawv tshuab. Hauv kev luam ntawv dov, cov qauv raug luam tawm ntawm daim ntaub los ntawm lub nruas tooj liab (lossis lub nruas). Lub nruas tooj liab tuaj yeem txiav cov kab zoo heev, yog li nws tuaj yeem luam tawm cov qauv ntxaws ntxaws heev. Piv txwv li, kev luam ntawv Pelizli zoo, ntom ntom yog ib hom qauv luam tawm los ntawm kev luam ntawv dov.

Kev kos duab lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum sib xws nrog tus qauv tsim ntawm tus tsim qauv, thiab txhua xim xav tau lub menyuam kos duab (hauv kev lag luam textile, kev luam ntawv tshwj xeeb, tsib lub menyuam luam ntawv, rau lub menyuam luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau siv los sawv cev rau tsib pawg xim lossis rau pawg xim luam ntawv). Kev luam ntawv lub menyuam yog txoj kev luam ntawv loj uas siv tsawg tshaj plaws, thiab cov zis txuas ntxiv poob qis txhua xyoo. Txoj kev no yuav tsis pheej yig yog tias cov khoom tsim tawm rau txhua tus qauv tsis loj heev.

(4) Kev luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov zoo ib yam li txoj kev luam ntawv hloov pauv. Hauv kev luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov, tus qauv raug luam tawm thawj zaug rau ntawm daim ntawv uas muaj cov xim disperse thiab cov kua luam ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd daim ntawv luam tawm (tseem hu ua daim ntawv hloov pauv) raug khaws cia rau kev siv hauv cov chaw luam ntawv textile. Thaum cov ntaub raug luam tawm, lub tshuab luam ntawv hloov pauv cua sov ua rau daim ntawv hloov pauv thiab lub ntsej muag tsis tau luam tawm lo rau ua ke, thiab dhau los ntawm lub tshuab ntawm kwv yees li 210 ° C (400T), ntawm qhov kub siab heev, cov xim ntawm daim ntawv hloov pauv sublimates thiab hloov mus rau daim ntaub, ua tiav cov txheej txheem luam ntawv yam tsis muaj kev ua tiav ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis xav tau kev txawj ntse tsim nyog hauv kev tsim cov ntawv luam ntawv roller lossis kev luam ntawv rotary. Cov xim disperse yog cov xim uas tuaj yeem sublimate, thiab hauv ib qho kev nkag siab tsuas yog cov xim uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv cua sov, yog li cov txheej txheem tsuas yog siv tau rau cov ntaub ua los ntawm cov fibers uas muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov xim zoo li no, suav nrog cov fibers acetate, acrylonitrile fibers, polyamide fibers (nylon) thiab polyester fibers.

(5) Kev luam ntawv dav hlau

Kev luam ntawv jet yog txau cov tee me me ntawm cov xim zas thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tseeb ntawm daim ntaub, lub nozzle thiab cov qauv tsim siv los txau cov xim zas tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv nyuaj thiab cov voj voog qauv meej. Kev luam ntawv jet tshem tawm qhov kev ncua thiab tus nqi cuam tshuam nrog cov menyuam engraving thiab ua cov ntxaij vab tshaus, qhov zoo dua hauv kev lag luam textile uas hloov pauv sai.

Lub tshuab luam ntawv dav hlau muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ceev ceev, thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv sai sai ntawm ib qho qauv mus rau lwm qhov. Cov ntaub luam tawm tsis nruj (uas yog, cov qauv tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ncab), thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub tsis dov, yog li tshem tawm cov teeb meem xws li cov ntaub fuzz lossis fleece. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm cov qauv zoo, cov qauv ntawm cov qauv tsis meej. Tam sim no, txoj kev luam ntawv dav hlau yuav luag siv rau kev luam ntawv ntaub pua plag, thiab nws tsis yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev luam ntawv khaub ncaws. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab hluav taws xob, qhov xwm txheej no yuav hloov pauv.